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Cincinnatti and Old China Trade

已有 524 次阅读2023-9-3 09:52 |个人分类:华人历史|系统分类:转帖-知识


https://americanfounding.org/entries/introduction-to-the-constitutional-convention/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Charles_L%27Enfant

Washington, Cincinnati China Service , Pallas
The first set of Society porcelain arrived in Baltimore on August 9, 1785, aboard the Pallas, the second American ship to conduct trade with China. An advertisement for the Society service in the Maryland Gazette & Baltimore Advertiser caught the attention of George Washington. Just five days after the announcement appeared, Washington wrote to Tench Tilghman, the general’s former aide-de-camp and fellow Society member living in Baltimore, in the hopes of acquiring a set of the porcelain if it could be obtained at a price “cheaper than common.” But the prices in Baltimore were high enough to discourage any buyers, and the entire lot of Society porcelain was moved to New York and offered for sale the following year. Washington ultimately purchased the service for $150 from the New York firm Constable, Rucker, & Co. in July 1786, with the help of Henry “Light Horse Harry” Lee, a fellow Society member then serving as a delegate to Congress in New York.


Shaw went to China on 4 ocasions:
1. "Empress of China" 代表Robert  Morrishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Morris_%28financier%29
Daniel Parkerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Pinckney_Parker 的企业利益

Morris and Daniel Parker. These men were eager to join their European counterparts in the lucrative trade with China. Among the commodities Shaw planned to acquire in Canton—including tea, silk, lacquer ware and ivory—was a significant cargo of porcelain, and in particular, “something emblematic of the institution of the order of the Cincinnati executed upon a set of porcelain.”

Shaw carried with him on the voyage one of L’Enfant’s watercolor drawings of the Society insignia and several other graphics to inspire the design for the Society porcelain. Without any formal direction or commissions from the Society’s leaders, Shaw conceived of an elaborate grouping of figures to celebrate the organization’s founding and ideals: “My idea was to have the American Cincinnatus, under the conduct of Minerva, regarding Fame, who, having received from them the emblems of the order, was proclaiming it to the world. For this purpose I procured two separate engravings of the goddesses, an elegant figure of a military man, and furnished the painter with a copy of the emblems, which I had in my possession.” But the design had to be simplified, as Shaw found that the Chinese enameller “was unable to combine the figures with the least propriety … I could therefore have my wishes gratified only in part.” The Society porcelain would ultimately bear only the winged figure of Fame and the Eagle insignia suspended from a blue-and-white ribbon held in her left arm.


2. He first returned to Canton in 1786, the same year he was appointed the United States’ first consul to China. By this time, he had purchased a gold Eagle insignia, which he took to China to have additional sets of Society porcelain produced with more precise depictions of the badge. During this voyage or his next in 1790, Shaw commissioned Society tea services for himself and fewer than ten fellow members of the Massachusetts branch of the Society. Preserved in the Institute’s museum collections are five pieces from these services—a sugar bowl and creamer from Shaw’s own service and two saucers and a teacup from Benjamin Lincoln’s.

3.During this voyage or his next in 1790, Shaw commissioned Society tea services for himself and fewer than ten fellow members of the Massachusetts branch of the Society. Preserved in the Institute’s museum collections are five pieces from these services—a sugar bowl and creamer from Shaw’s own service and two saucers and a teacup from Benjamin Lincoln’s.

4. Shaw traveled to China for the fourth and final time in February 1793.



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