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Slavery and University

已有 1012 次阅读2024-7-24 03:21 |个人分类:American Art (History)|系统分类:转帖-时事政治经济

who lead the movement of Slavery and University ?
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The movement to investigate the historical ties between universities and slavery has been led by a combination of university leaders, historians, scholars, students, and activists. Here are some key contributors and institutions that have played significant roles in this movement:

  1. Ruth Simmons: As the first African-American president of an Ivy League institution, Ruth Simmons, who served as president of Brown University, is often credited with initiating the formal movement. In 2003, she established the Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice at Brown University, which was tasked with investigating the university's historical connections to slavery and the transatlantic slave trade. This initiative set a precedent for other universities.

  2. Brown University: Brown University was a pioneer in this movement with its comprehensive report released in 2006, detailing the university's ties to slavery and the subsequent recommendations for how to address these historical connections. The report has served as a model for other institutions.

  3. University of Virginia: The University of Virginia has been instrumental in the movement, particularly through the establishment of the Universities Studying Slavery (USS) consortium. The USS provides a platform for institutions to collaborate and share research on their historical connections to slavery.

  4. Harvard University: Harvard has also played a significant role by conducting extensive research into its historical ties to slavery. In 2016, Harvard Law School unveiled a new shield after removing the previous one due to its connection to a family involved in the slave trade. Harvard President Lawrence S. Bacow announced in 2019 the formation of a committee to examine the university’s ties to slavery.

  5. Georgetown University: Georgetown has been notable for its efforts to address its history with slavery, particularly the sale of 272 enslaved people in 1838 to pay off the university's debts. Georgetown has engaged in efforts to reconcile with the descendants of those enslaved individuals and has established the Georgetown Memory Project.

  6. Student and Faculty Activists: Across various universities, student and faculty activists have been crucial in pushing for these investigations and acknowledgments. Their advocacy has often been the catalyst for institutional action.

  7. Universities Studying Slavery (USS): Founded by the University of Virginia, USS is a consortium of institutions dedicated to collaborative research and academic discussions on the history of universities and their ties to slavery. It has facilitated a shared approach to addressing this historical issue.

  8. Historians and Scholars: Academics like Craig Steven Wilder, whose book Ebony and Ivy: Race, Slavery, and the Troubled History of America’s Universities (2013) has been influential, have provided critical scholarship that underpins the movement. Their research has highlighted the deep connections between higher education institutions and slavery.

These leaders and institutions have collectively driven the movement to uncover and address the historical ties between universities and slavery, setting a framework for understanding and rectifying these connections.

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研究大学与奴隶制历史联系的运动由大学领导者、历史学家、学者、学生和活动家共同推动。以下是一些在这一运动中发挥了重要作用的关键人物和机构:

  1. 露丝·西蒙斯 (Ruth Simmons):作为常春藤联盟中第一位非裔美国人校长,露丝·西蒙斯在布朗大学担任校长期间,于2003年成立了奴隶制与正义指导委员会。该委员会负责调查布朗大学与奴隶制和跨大西洋奴隶贸易的历史联系。这一倡议为其他大学树立了榜样。

  2. 布朗大学:布朗大学是这一运动的先驱,其在2006年发布的综合报告详细介绍了该大学与奴隶制的联系,并提出了如何处理这些历史联系的建议。该报告已成为其他机构的模范。

  3. 弗吉尼亚大学:弗吉尼亚大学在这一运动中发挥了重要作用,特别是通过建立“大学研究奴隶制联盟”(Universities Studying Slavery,简称USS)。USS为各机构提供了一个平台,以协作和分享他们对大学与奴隶制历史联系的研究。

  4. 哈佛大学:哈佛大学通过广泛研究其与奴隶制的历史联系,亦在这一运动中扮演了重要角色。2016年,哈佛法学院在移除与一个参与奴隶贸易的家族有关的旧校徽后,揭示了一个新校徽。2019年,哈佛校长劳伦斯·巴考 (Lawrence S. Bacow) 宣布成立一个委员会,调查该大学与奴隶制的联系。

  5. 乔治城大学:乔治城大学因其处理与奴隶制历史联系的努力而受到关注,特别是1838年为偿还大学债务而出售272名奴隶的事件。乔治城大学已采取措施与这些奴隶的后代和解,并建立了乔治城记忆项目。

  6. 学生和教职员工活动家:在各种大学中,学生和教职员工活动家在推动这些调查和承认方面起到了关键作用。他们的倡导通常是机构行动的催化剂。

  7. 大学研究奴隶制联盟 (USS):由弗吉尼亚大学创立的USS是一个致力于合作研究和学术讨论大学与奴隶制历史联系的联盟。它促进了共同处理这一历史问题的方法。

  8. 历史学家和学者:如克雷格·史蒂文·威尔德 (Craig Steven Wilder),其著作《黑檀与常春藤:美国大学的种族、奴隶制与动荡历史》(Ebony and Ivy: Race, Slavery, and the Troubled History of America’s Universities, 2013) 具有影响力,为这一运动提供了关键的学术支持。他们的研究突显了高等教育机构与奴隶制之间的深层联系。

这些领导者和机构共同推动了揭示和处理大学与奴隶制历史联系的运动,为理解和纠正这些联系建立了框架。


2019 Slavery and the University: Histories and Legacies

2013